What is Test Classes in Apex Salesforce?

Test Classes in Apex Salesforce

The Apex testing framework enables you to write and execute tests for your Apex classes and triggers on the Force.com platform. Apex unit tests ensure high quality for your Apex code and let you meet requirements for deploying Apex.

The testing framework tests your Apex code. Test class code is written in a sandbox environment and deployed to a production org. Apex unit tests are also requirements for deploying and distributing Apex. The following are the benefits of Apex unit tests. Apex test class makes sure the apex code works as expected

We write Test Classes in Apex Salesforce for Unit Testing. We get to find the bugs in our code and fix it to give better output. Testing gives the Code Coverage, first of all, we should know What Code Coverage is? Code coverage which shows to which percentage the code works. The minimum code coverage is 75% in order to be deployed to Production from the sandbox.

Please follow below salesforce Best Practice for Test Classes:-

1. All test methods should reside in a separate class from the class in which the method being tested resides.
2. @isTest annotation used to define a test class.
3. The system.assertEquals used to know what is being tested and what the expected output
4. The isTest(SeeAllData=true) annotation is used to open up data access when applied at the class or method level.
5. All test data creation should be done from a Utility class.
6. To run code for a specific user use annotation@ Test.runAs.
7. Creating multiple test methods for testing that same production code method should be avoided.
8. Any asynchronous method testing should include Test.startTest and Test.stopTest.
9. Use Test.isRunningTest() in your code to identify whether the context of the class is Test or not. You can use this condition with OR (||) to allow test classes to enter inside code block.
10. @TestVisible annotation can be used to access private members and methods inside Test Class.

Create, Run and Test a Test Class

Creating Test Class

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testMethod keyword:

Test.startTest() and Test.stopTest(): These are the standard test methods which are available for test classes. These methods contain the event or action for which we would be simulating our test.

Like in this example, we would be testing our trigger and helper class to simulate the firing trigger by updating the records as we have done to start and stop block.

@isTest annotation:

By using this annotation, you declared that this is a test class and it will not be counted against the organization's total code limit.

System.assert():

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This method checks the expected output with the actual value. Trigger Example

trigger parent2child on Account (after update) {
list<id>ids = new list<id>();
list<contact>conlist = new list<contact>();
for(account a:trigger.new){
ids.add(a.id);
list<contact>con =[select id,phone,account.phone from contact where accountidin:ids];
for(contact c:con){
c.Phone=c.account.phone;
conlist.add(c);
        }

updateconlist;
     }       
 }
 

Test class @isTest

private class testForconPhone {
statictestMethod void testcheck()
    {
account a = new account();
a.Name='testing';
a.Phone='2222';
insert a;
accountaaa=[select name ,phone from account where id=:a.id];
contact c = new contact();
c.lastname=a.Name;
c.AccountId=a.id;
c.Phone='2222';
contact cc = new contact();
cc.lastname=a.Name;
cc.AccountId=a.id;
cc.Phone='111';
list<contact> c1 = new list<contact>();
        c1.add(c);
c1.add(cc);
insert c1;
try{
updateaaa;
        }
catch (exception e){

        }
system.assertEquals('2222','2222');       
    }
}

Run test Class Click on run test Here we find the code coverage percentage Batch class example

Global class batchexam2 implements Database.Batchable<sobject> {
globalDatabase.QueryLocator start(Database.BatchableContextbc){
string query='select id,lastName,Department from contact';
returnDatabase.getQueryLocator(query);
    }
global void execute (Database.BatchableContextbc ,list<contact>cons){
         //list<contact>
for(contact c:cons){
if(c.Department==null){
c.Department='Education';
            }
        }
update cons;
    }
    Global void finish(Database.BatchableContextbc){
batchexam ab= new batchexam();
database.executeBatch(ab);

        }
}
 

Test Class @isTest private class TestForbatchexam2 { @isTest

 private static void testbatchapex(){
list<contact>con = new list<contact>();
contact c = new contact();
c.LastName='Daniel';
c.FirstName='Jack';
c.Department=null;
con.add(c);
insert con;
test.startTest();
batchexam2 b = new batchexam2();
idjobid=Database.executeBatch(b,2);
test.stopTest();
list<contact> c1=[select lastname,Department from contact where id=:c.Id];
for(contact c2:c1){
if(c2.Department==null){
contact c3 = new contact();
            c3.LastName='philips';
            c3.Department='Education';
c1.add(c3);


        }
        }
update c1;
    }
}

Copy and paste the code and run test class Class example

public class insertExample {
public Account acc     {set;get;}
public string name     {set;get;}
public string industry {set;get;}
public string phone    {set;get;}
publicDMlex(){
acc=new Account();
    }
publicPageReference create(){
account a = new account ();
            a.name=name;
a.industry=industry;
a.Phone=phone;
insert a;
PageReference p = new PageReference('/'+a.Id);
return p;
    }
}

Test class @isTest

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@isTest
Private class DMLExampletest {
@isTest
    static void testme(){
       Account acc=new Account();
            acc.name='TCS';
            acc.Industry='Banking';        
            Insert acc;
        DMLExample De=new DMLExample();
        Account abc = new Account(Name='TCS');
            De.acc = abc;
            De.create();
        Account abc1 = new Account(Name='TCS2');
            De.acc = abc1;
            De.create();
    }  
}
 

Summary

Testing is an important part of Apex in Salesforce. Test classes are the code snippets that are developed to perform unit testing in Apex. You can utilize the above-mentioned practices to create a test class in Salesforce using Apex. If you have any other ideas, then don’t forget to mention that in the comments section below. Happy testing!

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