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Software development has undergone a massive evolution in the last decade. The growth has also created an increased need for various testing tools to ensure the final product matches the expectation. JMeter is one the best open source software testing tool, which is a complete Java application for both load and performance testing. It has been specifically designed for conducting different kinds of tests like performance testing, regression testing, functional testing, load testing, etc.
Before moving on to the basics of JMeter, here is a quick brush-up of some important tests which have gained high popularity in recent times:
Performance tests have become the most important client expectations at the time of product delivery. There are no takers for apps which are slow and do not meet the benchmark in terms of speed, loading time, user experience, and design. The test thus checks the performance expectation under a given infrastructure and highlights any changes to be made in the testing process before the application is sent for production. The basic criteria which are tested under this are:
Although there are many tools for performance testing like LoadRunner, WebLOAD, LoadUI, NeoLoad, etc. but JMeter has finally become the most preferred one.
As the name suggests, the test helps to check the performance of the app at its maximum load, as it is designed for.
The test is designed to break the system by subjecting it to tremendous resource weight, so different parts of the same are overwhelmed.
JMeter has attained a level of significance over the years due to its apt performance and reliability. Stefano Mazzocchi of Apache Software was the first to develop it. It is a Java-based application for desktops and makes use of Swing graphical API. Hence it can be used in any environment like Linux, Windows, Mac, etc.
It was originally developed with a view for testing the performance of Apache JServ which is now known as the Apache Tomcat project. Apache later redesigned JMeter for enhancing the Graphical User Interface and addition of other functional capabilities. Apache JMeter 3.1 is the current version which is also available in the market although there are many more new additions to be added to in the future.
The popularity of JMeter is due to many reasons which compel businesses and other Quality Assurance Teams to pick it as the primary tool for taking care of performance testing. Here are some of the reasons:
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The only system requirement is JDK of 1.6 or above and no specific requirement of memory, disk space, and operating system.
JMeter falls in the Java framework, and thus, the first requirement is to have JDK installed on the machine. Once Java is installed, you are next required to set the JAVA_HOME variable. The steps for the same are as follows:
When Java is installed then you are required to open the console and execute either one of the Java commands depending upon which Operating System you are working on:
The output of these commands will depend on the Operating System, which is being used.
Now you have to install JMeter from the https://jmeter.apache.org/download_jmeter.cgi
Once it is downloaded and copied in the C:\>JMeter folder, the directory should look like the following:
the directory apache-jmeter can be renamed if required but you should not change the names of the sub-directories.
Next, you are required to run JMeter by going to the bin directory. The output will again depend on the Operating System. In the case of
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JMeter Graphical User Interface shows up after a short gap. It is a Swing Application and looks like the following:
The above is the main image of the tool.
The different components of JMeter are called its elements. Every Element of JMeter has been designed for a particular purpose. Some of the primary elements are:
1). Thread group: It is basically a collection of threads. Every thread stands for a user making use of the application under test. It makes one real user make a server request. The thread group controls also allow for setting the number of threads for every group. E.g., if the number of threads is marked at 100, JMeter will allow for creation and stimulation of 100 user requests for the server under test.
2). Samplers: Many testing protocols are supported by JMeter like HTTP, FTP, JDBC, etc. As the Thread Groups help in the stimulation of user request to the server they are the samplers which assist the thread groups in deciding what requests needed to be made like HTTP, FTP, JDBC, etc. Given below are a list of Samplers:
3). Listeners: They present the results of the test execution in the form of a tree, table, log file or even a graph.
4). Configuration: These elements are used for setting up defaults and variables to be used later by samplers. Various types of Configuration Samplers are as follows:
Other components of JMeter include WorkBench, Pre-Processor, Post Processor, Logic Controllers, Timer, Assertions, etc.
JMeter Functions stand for special values which can fill the fields of any Sampler or any other element in the test tree. Functions are of two kinds:
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The user-defined static values let the user define variables which have to be replaced by static value when the test tree is compiled and have to be submitted to be run. It is not possible to nest these variables.
Functions and Variables are written in any field in any kind of test component. The functions which are designed to perform well in a test plan are intSum, longSum, machine name, BeanShell, JavaScript, jexl, random, time, property functions, log functions.
There are some restrictions on the functions which are used in a Test Plan. The thread values of JMeter are not completely set up when the functions are processed, so the names of variables which are passed as parameters will not be set up, and the variable references will not work. Hence, split () and regex () and other variable evaluation functions will not work. The thread num () function will thus not work as it does not make any sense at the test plan level.
A Function Helper is present in the Options tab.
JMeter has some limitations but will little carefulness the resource requirements can be brought down significantly. These are as follows:
JMeter is an emerging open-source software with a graphical interface by the Apache Software Foundation. It supports many protocols and can be run in any environment. Its popularity is based on many benefits it carries like free availability, intuitive graphical user interface and is highly extensible.
For more information on JMeter and related technologies, you may refer to www.janbasktraining.com or get in touch with us.
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