Brief Introduction To Different SQL Server Operators

Introduction

Writing SQL queries is an essential part of any software development package. We use queries to get data from a database; we need them to insert data into the database and so on. Most of the data that we work with when we write a query is stored within the database tables. But there are some values that are created dynamically. For example, in most cases, you only store the date of birth of a certain employee in the employee details table. But how would you get the present age of that employee? Similarly, how would you calculate the years of service of a particular employee if you know his date of joining?

Read: What Is The Difference Between Having And Where Clause In SQL?

This is where SQL Server Operators come into play. There are different operators like Arithmetic, Comparison or Logical operators each of them has a separate purpose.

In the following, we will try to give you a sneak peek of these different SQL Server Operators along with their usages to clear your basic SQL concepts before you approach advanced SQL class.

Different Types of Operators in SQL Server

Following are the types of operators in SQL server:

SQL Server Arithmetic Operators	SQL server Bitwise Operators	SQL Server Comparison Operators	SQL Server Compound Operators	SQL Server Logical Operators
Operators used for arithmetic operations in query	Used to perform bit manipulation in SQL	Used to compare one expressions with another	Execute some operation and set an original value to the result of the operation	Compare two conditions at a time to determine whether a row can be selected for the output
Examples are +,-,*,/,%	Examples are &,I,^	Example are >,<,=,>=,<=,<>	Example are +=,*=,-=,/=,%=,&=	Example are ALL,AND,ANY,BETWEEN, EXISTS,IN

1). Arithmetic Operator Examples

Following are the SQL server Arithmetic operators examples.

(+)

Adds two values together

select 1 + 2

select 'a' + 'b'

(-)

Subtracts one value from another

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select 2- 1

(*)

Multiplies two values

(/)

Divides one value from another.

select 4/2

(%)

Shows all the value that begins with a particular character

select * from  [Person].[Person] where FirstName like 'N%'

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2). Bitwise Operators example

Following are the few SQL server Bitwise operators examples.

(&)

Performs bitwise AND between two values

Select 2 & 2

(I)

Performs bitwise OR

select 1 | 2

(^)

Used to perform a bitwise XOR

select 1 ^ 0

3). Comparison operator Example

Following are the SQL server comparison operators examples.

(>)

Shows those records which is greater than the provided value

select * from [Sales].[SalesOrderDetail] where UnitPrice > 400

Here the above SQL Statement returns all records from SalesOrderDetail table which has a unit price greater than 400.

(<)

Shows those records which are less than a certain value

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select * from [Sales].[SalesOrderDetail] where UnitPrice

Here the above SQL Statement returns all records from SalesOrderDetail table which has unit price less than 400.

 (=)

Shows those records where UnitPrice is equal to 400

select * from [Sales].[SalesOrderDetail] where UnitPrice = 400

Here the above SQL Statement returns all records from SalesOrderDetail table which has unit price equal to 400.

(>=)

Shows those records where row values are greater than equal to a given value

select * from [Sales].[SalesOrderDetail] where UnitPrice >= 400

Shows those values where UnitPrice is greater than equal to 400.

(<=)

Shows those records where row values are greater than equal to a given value

select * from [Sales].[SalesOrderDetail] where UnitPrice <= 400

Shows all records which are not equal to 400.

select * from [Sales].[SalesOrderDetail] where UnitPrice <> 400

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4). Compound Operator Examples

Following are the SQL server compound operators examples.

(+=)

Adds some value to the existing value and outputs the result

DECLARE @x1 int = 27;  

SET @x1 += 2;  

SELECT @x1 AS Compoundadd;  

(*=)

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Multiply some value with the existing value and output the result

DECLARE @x3 int = 27;  

SET @x3 *= 2;  

SELECT @x3 AS compoundmultiply;

(-=)

Subtracts some value with the existing value and outputs the result.

DECLARE @x2 int = 27;  

SET @x2 -= 2;  

SELECT @x2 AS Compoundsubstract;  

 (/=)

Divides some value with the existing value and outputs the result.

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DECLARE @x4 int = 27;  

SET @x4 /= 2;  

SELECT @x4 AS Compounddivide;

(%=)

Divides by an amount and adds with the original value to the result.

DECLARE @x5 int = 27;  

SET @x5 %= 2;  

SELECT @x5 AS Modulo_of_27_divided_by_2;

(&=)

Performs a bitwise AND and adds with the original value

DECLARE @x6 int = 9;  

SET @x6 &= 13 ;  

SELECT @x6 AS Bitwise_AND; 

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5). Logical Operator Examples

Following are the SQL server logical operators examples:

All

Gives true if all values in the comparison set is true

SELECT * FROM 

[Person].[Address]

WHERE 'Ottawa' > ALL

(

      SELECT City FROM [Person].[Address]

)

And

Does a Logical AND process

SELECT * FROM [Person].[Address]

WHERE (StateProvinceID > 79 AND StateProvinceID 

ANY

Compares a single value with a column of values

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SELECT * FROM  [Person].[Address]

WHERE 79 > ANY

(

      SELECT StateProvinceID FROM [Person].[Address]

)

)

Between

Uses a query within a query to check the  existence of a certain row of data

SELECT * FROM [Person].[Address]

WHERE StateProvinceID BETWEEN 79 AND 80

Exists

Checks the existence of a row

SELECT * FROM [Person].[Address] WHERE EXISTS

(

 SELECT * FROM [Person].[Address]

WHERE StateProvinceID=79

)

IN

SELECT * FROM [Person].[Address]

WHERE StateProvinceID IN (79,77)

Summary

The above document gives a comprehensive study of different SQL Server Operators and their uses to clear your basic SQL concepts before you approach for advanced SQL class

It gives query syntaxes of types of operators in SQL serveralong with a screenshot of the output.

This would give the reader a fair bit of idea of what are the different types of SQL Operators currently in practice and how to use them. If you want detailed comprehension of the SQL server operators, their types like SQL server bitwise operators and uses of all operators in SQL server, enroll for the online certification training SQL class with JanBask Training to become a competent SQL professional.

Read: Introduction to Stored Procedures and its benefits

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