Convert Rows to columns using 'Pivot' in SQL Server

Converting rows into columns in SQL Server can be efficiently done using the PIVOT operator. This feature is extremely useful when you want to reorganize or summarize data, especially for reporting purposes. Instead of having repeated values in rows, the PIVOT function helps display them as distinct columns, making the output more user-friendly and easier to analyze.

For example, consider a sales table where rows contain sales data for different regions and months. Using PIVOT, you can turn the months into columns, allowing you to compare sales across regions in a clear tabular format.

Here’s how it works:

• Select the base data: Start with the table containing rows you want to pivot.
  
• Apply the PIVOT operator: Define the column values that should become headers.
  
• Aggregate function: Use an aggregate like SUM, AVG, or COUNT to summarize the values.
  
• Define the output columns: List the values you want as new columns in the result set.
  

Example:

SELECT Region, [Jan], [Feb], [Mar]

FROM Sales

PIVOT (

    SUM(SalesAmount)

    FOR Month IN ([Jan], [Feb], [Mar])

) AS PivotTable;

Key points to remember:

• PIVOT is ideal for transforming data for reports.
  
• You must specify the aggregation function, even if you just want raw values.
  
• The output columns must be explicitly defined.
  

In short, the PIVOT operator in SQL Server simplifies data analysis by converting repetitive row-based data into structured, column-based results. This makes insights more accessible and visually clear.