How can I handle checking the state of an element that is no longer valid on the webpage in my test script?

 In the context of Selenium, you can check the state of an element that becomes invalid or is no longer present on the web-based page due to the dynamic changes that involve handling the exceptions and using explicit is in the desired state before proceeding with verification or action. Here is an example given in Python:-

From selenium import webdriver

From selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

From selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait

From selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

From selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException

# Initialize the WebDriver instance (assuming Chrome WebDriver)

Driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=’path/to/chromedriver’)

Try:

    # Navigate to the webpage

    Driver.get(https://www.example.com)

    # Wait for the element to be visible using explicit wait

    Wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10)

    Element = wait.until(EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.ID, “elementId”)))  # Replace “elementId” with actual ID

    # Check the state of the element (e.g., enabled, disabled, visible, hidden)

    If element.is_enabled():  # Check if element is enabled

        Print(“Element is enabled.”)

    Else:

        Print(“Element is disabled or not visible.”)

Except NoSuchElementException:

    # Handle the case where the element is not found or is invalid

    Print(“Element not found or invalid. Handling the exception…”)

Finally:

    # Close the WebDriver instance

    Driver.quit()