What ways can be used for managing test data?

My advice for managing test data is to avoid test data management at all costs.

Let me explain: Obviously you need some test data. Something has to be typed in all those form fields after all! What I have found is that the pattern goes something like this: You start with a simple text name like 'TestLast'. Then you start extracting that into a separate data store (always with the 'but I am using it in multiple places' comment). After a while the test data starts to take on a life of its own. Worst of all the company starts asking for different scenarios and you start implementing different data scenarios for them. This starts to become complex very quickly.

So, my advice is avoid this journey. When you need a last name, hard code 'LastName' as the text. Doing it in multiple places is ok. Checking the value with a second hard-coded static value is ok. gasp! After all, even if you use a variable of some sort you'll use that variable in every place. Yes, having the variable in one place seems DRY but actually I have found it provides little real benefit in comparison to the overhead that starts to get introduced with the dreaded "Test Data Management" issue. I've been there, done that and not repeating my previous path of complex test data is my advice now.

The reality of needing specific data to generate and test specific results is most frequently actually a code smell - you are using the front end to test logic that is usually implemented on the back end. Instead of UI tests you should have unit and integrated tests for that.