A Complete C Sharp Programming Beginners Tutorial

Introduction

Prologue

Hello, guys! Hope you are good! 

Have you heard about C sharp? What is C sharp? And why learn C sharp? It’s a programming that is widely used for developing Desktop applications, Web applications, Web services, large-scale Windows applications, and games.  

If you are a beginner in C sharp programming and want to learn C# Programming step by step from scratch. Well, then, you have finally landed at the right place! After reading multiple books and reference links, we have carefully compiled a C sharp coding language tutorial for beginners. Our C# tutorial is 100% result-driven for beginners that will help you in getting started with C# basic concepts.

You can also step up your career as a C# developer with top online programming courses that emphasize mastering high-level concepts and design decisions related to programming languages at an accelerated pace with programming courses online. 

Pro-Tip: For an excellent job, it’s required to choose a technology according to the current market requirements and situation, and presently, for youngsters, IT is one of the most promising careers in every country, and a career as a .Net developer also has high future prospects. You are advised to join JanBask Training to gain in-depth knowledge of C# fundamental and advanced concepts

C# Introduction and Features

If you are a beginner and interested in learning C sharp coding language is the right choice to start your career. C sharp offers excellent memory management techniques and solid safety types as compared to other programming languages. The .Net framework in C# has a robust set of class libraries to work with the file systems, security principles, and much more. 

So what is C sharp? It is a highly popular programming language like Java and Microsoft and continuously updates language features. With the release of the .Net core framework, C sharp has been in massive demand for the last many years. This programming language is easy to learn and understand and helps you design various software applications quickly. 

Here are a few highlights that make C sharp a widely used programming language –

• C sharp is a modern object-oriented programming language.
• C# is a component-oriented language that can be understood quickly.
• This structured programming language helps programmers write the most efficient software programs.
• The programming language is compatible with a variety of computer platforms.
• This is an integral part of the .net framework, making it more popular among .net professionals.

Prerequisites for Learning C#

For learning C sharp programming for beginners, it’s essential to have basic computer knowledge, basic knowledge of the Object-Oriented programming approaches, and basic knowledge of C programming language concepts to understand C# basics easily.

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Getting Ready

Before learning your first C# application, you’ll require an editor or an Integrated Development Environment (IDE), where you can type and compile your code. Visual Studio, developed by Microsoft, is the best IDE out there for C# developers. The current version of Visual Studio is Visual Studio 2022, version 17.3.

Visual Studio 2022 Editions include- Visual Studio Enterprise, Visual Studio Professional, and Visual Studio Community. 

The visual Studio Community edition is free; we’ll use it. Alternatively, you may also use Visual Studio Code. Visual Studio Code is a free, lightweight, open-source code editor for writing and debugging code. VS Code supports major programming languages.

You may download Visual Studio 2017 Community here.

Learn C# - Framework vs. Programming Language vs. IDE

Before starting with C# programming, it is necessary to understand the difference between three popular terms – Framework, Programming Language, and IDE. In most cases, all of these terms are used interchangeably by beginners without knowing their actual meaning and significance. Where -

Visual Studio is an IDE, .NET is a framework, and C# is a programming language.

The Microsoft .NET framework has a huge collection of class libraries and reusable components. Further, you need a software application to invoke those components. The software application will be written in programming languages like C sharp or VB .NET etc.

Tip: Read What are the Roles & Responsibilities of a .Net Developer to learn about the role and significant responsibilities of Dot Net developers.

If you are interested in writing any professional application that is really huge in size. Here, you need to automate certain things to speed up the task. The IDE offers these code management and automation techniques. It may be challenging to work with all the utilities initially, but things will get smoother as soon as you become more familiar with them.

Learn C# Programming Structure

Before we switch to advanced concepts of C# for beginners, let’s first study its programming structure. A C# program consists of different parts such as– Namespace, comments, class, class methods, statements, expressions, one main method, etc.

Let us look at the simple program that prints “Hello JanBask” as the final output-

[code lang="php"] using System; namespace HelloJanBaskApplication { class HelloJanBask { static void Main(string[] args) { /* my first program in C# */ Console.WriteLine(“Hello JanBask”); Console.ReadKey(); } } }[/code]

Output – Hello JanBask

Let’s discuss each and every concept of the program in detail –

• The “using” keyword in the first line is written to include the “System” namespace in the program. The “using” keyword can be utilized in a single program more than once.
• In the second line, “namespace” is used as the declaration. Inside the namespace, we can declare multiple classes together. For the above example, the declared class name is – “HelloJanBask.”
• In the third line, “class” is used as the declaration. Inside “class,” we can declare multiple methods together. For the above example, there is one “Main” method, and “WriteLine” and “Readkey” are the sub-methods.
• The “Main” method is an entry point for C sharp programs. This method explains the class's behavior and decides when it needs to be executed.
• The comment section /**\ is used to increase the overall readability of the program. This is a good programming practice and necessary for all C sharp developers.
• The “WriteLine” method is used to display the message on the screen, and the “Readkey” method in the last line controls the behavior of previously used methods.

You are ready to write a short program in C# from the above discussion. Make sure that you are familiar with the syntax well, and it should be used wisely without making multiple errors. Also, it is case-sensitive, so C sharp program should be written carefully.

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How to compile or execute a C# program using IDE and Command Prompt?

Visual Studio .NET Framework

• Open the Visual Studio from Program Files.
• In the Menu bar, there is one File Option. You need to choose the “New” option, then click on the sub-option “Project.”
• Select the “Windows” option on the left side and choose Console Application on the right hand.
• Give a good name to your project and press the “OK” button to save the project in Solution Explorer.
• Now, you are ready to start coding in the code editor.
• There is a Run option at the top, or you can use the F5 key to execute the C# program. A command prompt will appear in front of you with the final output.

Command-line prompt for program execution

If you are not interested in Visual Studio IDE, there is another option, too, i.e., a command-line prompt to execute the same C# program.

• Here, you must write code to a text editor or simply copy the “Hello World” code to understand the execution process well.
• The text file should be saved as hello world.cs
• Now open the command-line prompt and type CSC hello world.cs to compile the program.
• If compilation is done successfully, then it will take you to the next stage, the helloworld.exe executable file.
• Now type hello World; on execution, it will display the final output on the screen.

Tip: Go through the .Net interview questions and answers for freshers as well as professionals to crack the .net interview on the first attempt!

Learn C# Basic Syntax

Identifiers – An identifier in C# is used to identify some class, members, functions, etc. Here are some rules to name classes in C#, like it should be started with a character only, not the digits. We cannot use any special symbol for the class declaration, but underscore (_) can be used if necessary.

Keywords - are pre-defined in any programming language and have significant meaning relevant to the code. There are two types of keywords in C sharp – 

• Reserved keywords - That have special meaning in a program
• Contextual keywords- Contextual keywords are usually used in the context of code.

Following are the reserved and contextual keywords

C# Data Types -The data types in C sharp are divided into three major categories – 

• Value types, 
• Pointer types, and 
• Reference types. 

Value data types can accept value directly in the form of characters, integers, etc. Here is a complete list of value data types that C sharp programmers frequently use.

Reference Types – These data types don’t contain the actual value but store reference values for the variables. For example, Reference data types can represent memory locations that keep changing automatically.

Pointer types – These data types are used to store memory address, and it has the same capabilities as pointers in C language or C++ language. Here is a quick example of how to declare pointers in C sharp.

Type conversion in C sharp

Type conversion or typecasting is a popular programming feature where one data type is converted to another form as per the requirements. Here are two popular categories of type conversion in C sharp 

• Implicit Type Conversion – These conversions are performed by C sharp safely. For example –Small integers are converted to large integers, or base classes are converted to derive classes and vice versa.
• Explicit type conversion–These conversions are performed with the help of pre-defined functions, so it is named explicit type conversions. The following example shows how explicit conversions are performed-

Tip: The recruiters aren’t hiring .net developers in their team for just theoretical knowledge. Instead, they prefer candidates who have the required skill set to excel as a .NET developer. 

Therefore, the .net developer salary also depends on the candidate's skill set. It makes them different from other candidates. Different skill sets have various demands, and the salary is based accordingly. 

C sharp Constants, Variables, Literals, and Operators

C# Variables–Variable is a name given to the storage area that the programs can manipulate. A Variable has a specific data type representing the storage's size and nature. C sharp also has unique variables that come under the advanced programming section. Here is a quick review of how we can define variables in C sharp.

C # Constant– The constants in C sharp are the fixed values that cannot be changed throughout the program execution. The fixed value stored for the constant is termed as Literals. Constant may be declared as integers, constants, floating values, strings, etc. There are enumeration constants too that are used in advanced programming.

C# Operators–An operator in C# is a special symbol that guides the compiler to perform specific mathematical or logical calculations. The most popular operators defined in C# include –

• Arithmetic operators,
• Relational operators,
• Bitwise operators,
• Logical operators,
• Assignment operators, and
• Miscellaneous operators.

Conclusion

Things don’t end here; it is just the beginning. This article discusses basic C sharp programming language concepts that are extremely helpful for beginners. Hope you find this C# tutorial for beginners helpful and learned plenty of small things that are just taken guaranteed sometimes. We fail to implement them in our actual programming scenario.

In short, .net provides a promising career to beginners and professionals, and its future is also bright. The reasons behind its success are the recent developments and the launch of new features. Hence a number of companies are adopting this programming language. So, do you wish to pave a career path as a .Net developer with attractive salary options? If yes, Join Microsoft .Net Online Training & Certification Courses offered by Janbask Training and become a successful .Net professional!

FAQs

1. What is C#?

Ans:- C# is an object-oriented programming language developed in 2000 and is pronounced as "C-Sharp," influenced by a musical notation “♯” which means a note with a slightly higher pitch. The name C “sharp” seemed most appropriate because it’s considered an incremental compilation of the C++ language, and the “sharp” symbol has been replaced by the keyboard-friendly “#” as a suffix to “C” for the purpose of programming.

2. How do I become a .Net developer?

Ans:-  Start with a proper education, which is the most essential first step towards becoming a successful .Net developer. Generally, a candidate must have a Bachelor's degree in computer science or any other discipline (not compulsory) to work as a .Net developer. Our .Net Online Training and Certification course is professionally developed to assist you in gaining all skills you need to start your career as a .NET developer.

3. Give an overview of your Microsoft .Net Online Training and Certification Course.

Ans:- This .Net Training and Certification course will comprehensively introduce the .NET space and .NET coding using C#. This course lays the foundation for the significant aspects of .NET development, including the Visual Studio Environment, data connections, the C# language, etc.

4. What are the prerequisites to learn C# for beginners?

Ans:- The following prerequisites are required for learning C# -

• Fundamental knowledge of C or C++ or any programming language or programming fundamentals. 
• Additionally, the OOP concept makes for a short learning curve of C#.

5. What are the key features of the C# training course?

Ans:-

• Instructor-led Live Online Classes
• Personalized Student Dashboard
• Real-life Case Studies and Assignments
• Industry Experienced Trainers

6. What are the benefits of taking up the .Net Online Training and Certification Course?

Ans:- Getting certified in .Net will provide a number of opportunities to a beginner and a professional. Also, as a matter of fact, certified .Net developer gets paid better than their non-certified counterparts. The average salary of certified .Net developers is around $97,888 per annum.

7. What are the eligibility criteria for learning .Net programming?

Ans:- This .Net Online Training and Certification course is ideal for beginners and professionals interested in developing their projects from scratch, learners who want to understand Visual Studio and .NET development, and learners who want to understand programming using practical examples instead of endless explanations.

8. What are the system requirements to take up the C# training course?

Ans:- One must have a computer with

• Chrome or Chromium browser,
• Strong internet access,
• Webcam,
• Microphone, speakers, and headset.

9. Is C# Net training challenging to learn?

Ans:- Fortunately, .NET courses are simple to study, no matter whether you have a technical or non-technical background. 

10. Is .Net programming a good career option?

Ans:- NET programming is growing with each passing day, and as per the Stack Overflow Developer Survey 2020, .NET is the most used framework. So, taking up the  C# Net training for a successful career unquestionably makes you versatile, talented, and the most sought after in the programming field. 

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