What is OOP? A Quick Glance at Java OOPs Concept

OOPS and Other Programming Languages

Usually, programming languages can be defined into following three types:

• Unstructured Programming Languages: Unstructured programming languages have a sequential flow of control. In these languages, the code can be repeated throughout the program.
• Structured Programming Language: It has a non-sequential flow of control and the code can be reused.

Object-oriented programming has the following benefits –

• Programming gets quite easier especially when you have to deal with abstractions or high-level concepts. In this way, OOPs make software designing more flexible and faster.
• The software maintenance goes easier because programs can be understood quickly, and they are easy to test and fix the errors.
• The reusability of components is promoted to a larger extent as the same function can be used in different situations and speed up the overall program deployment too.

What is OOP?

Object-Oriented languages combine data and action together. OOPs, focus on components instead of procedures with objects as the basic unit. In this case, you need to figure out a complete list of objects that will help to simplify users’ interaction with data.

OOPs In Java

Java programming is an object-oriented language that can be used to design the objects and to reuse the codes as and when required. Here, data and action can be redesigned and reused when required. OOPS is one of the most popular and useful programming technology. Many latest languages are using OOPS concept as it is highly secure.

Java OOPs Concept

Java is a platform independent and object-oriented language. Being an object-oriented language, it supports OOPS concepts. All four object-oriented features including abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism all are supported by Java. Java program works on the class and object concepts in order to support OOPS concepts.

List of Java OPPS Concept

Here in Java, a class is a template, blueprint, or prototype that is used to describe the static and dynamic behavior of the of class objects. Realization of a particular object can be done through its one instance. As far as OOPS concepts are concerned then following four OOPS concepts are mainly followed by Java and any other OOPS based language:

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Abstraction

When simple things are used to represent complex problems, it is called abstraction. Abstraction can be understood by taking the example of the TV, where we have a simple button to switch it on and without being bothered by its internal working power and circuitry, we can start it with the button.

In Java, abstraction is implemented with the help of the class, objects, and variables that can represent complex underlying code and data. Abstraction eliminated the need for new code creation every time and increases code reusability.

In order to implement abstraction, Java programmers create reusable and useful tools. Like several objects that may have variables, functions, and data structures can be created. Different classes to create the objects can also be created by the programmers.

For an example, here we can take the example of a class Shape that may have sides and other common properties. The objects of such class would be circle, rectangle, square, Pentagon and other shapes.

Encapsulation

Encapsulation helps us in reusing the functionality without compromising the security. This powerful OOPS feature lets us in saving much more time. Here we can take the example of a piece of code that can be called many times or reused by more than a function. It helps us in keeping our data private and secure. We can also alter the code without breaking it for others that have also used it.

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Encapsulation can be demonstrated with the help of the following example. Here the variable “name” is marked as private or we can say that it is encapsulated:

public class Employee
{
private String name;
public String getName(){ 
return name;
}
public void setName(String name)
{this.name=name;}
Class Test{
public static void main (String[] args)
{
Employee e=new Employee();
e.setName(“Sumit”);
System.out.println(s.getName());
}}

Inheritance

Inheritance is another most used JAVA feature that allows the classes to adopt the properties of another class. The class that uses the properties of another class is called subclass or child class and the original class is called the parent. Child class uses the keyword extends to inherit the parent class properties. Inheritance implementation is quite simple. Just by using extends keyword, one can implement inheritance easily. Following is the example:

Class Mammal
{
}
Class Monkey extends Mammal
{
}

In the above example of inheritance, the child class is monkey class that extends the properties of parent class Mammal. Encapsulation provides the concept of information hiding that means that the information is being hidden from the outside world and for this well-defined interface private access modifiers are used. Objects do not know the details of each other.

Polymorphism

Polymorphism means one name and many forms and it also works on parent and child class relationship. Here, it means that a class can extend more than one class at a time. Two main examples of polymorphisms are method overriding and method overloading that are described below:

Method overriding means that a child class can define a method of the parent class. In this way, the programmer can use one method in many ways and the method can be invoked by its parent class or by a child class object.

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Method overloading means that a single function can perform many functions. In more than one context, the function can be called. In method overloading, the same name can be used for different purposes and the methods differ by the number of types of arguments passed to the method.

class person{
void walk(){System.out.println(“Have Walk”);}}
class Students extends person{
void walk(){ System.out.println(“Walk fast”)}}
public static void main (String args[]){
Students s=new Students();
s.walk();
}}

Advantages of OOPS OOPS offer many advantages over the procedural programming languages that are defined below:

• An easy to understand and clear modular structure is offered for the programs
• The objects that are created for one program can be reused by other programs
• Large programs can be written with minimum flaws easily using OOPS concepts
• Program modularity gets enhanced due to the presence of independent objects

Final Words

OOPS is a popular style of using programming language. The user can easily write the programs and reuse the features along with making the application secure. Java is popular among application developers as it uses OOPS concept which makes it a robust and secure language. The applications that are developed using Java are platform independent and highly efficient. Many new features have been added to Java as a result of which it has become the most used and useful programming language.

Today, many users are using Java to develop either web-based or desktop applications worldwide. The above discussion makes it clear Java is a future language that has given wider job opportunities to the learners. If you are also interested in learning what is OOPs and Java OOPs concept, then join Java certification program at JanBask Training right away and take your career to the new heights as you always expected.

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