How do I install Java 11 Mac?

 I know in recent years the Java development cadence has changed, becoming much more rapid and more predictably scheduled. New plans were announced for regular Long-Term Support (LTS) releases. And I have heard Oracle changed their licensing terms for their Oracle-branded releases.

All of this has left me confused as to how and where I can obtain Java 11 or later for my Mac. Can someone give some general overview of my options?