Can police track a phone number when I remove it's sim card?

I don't know the technical details to answer your specific question - can police track a phone number, but it might not be relevant.

If your phone has been tracked in the past and you live in a place where your adversary has access to cell phone location data, and you do get both a new phone and a new phone number, your new "mobile phone identity" can be easily connected to your old one if you don't also change your behaviour radically. If you keep your new phone on for the same periods of time, move around in the same patterns etc, it should be fairly easy to connect the two profiles simply by matching movement patterns. In fact, depending on how accurate cell tower localization is and where you live, simply going to work and coming home every day is probably enough to connect your new phone and phone number to you/your old phone and phone number.